Our problem is about what is CRISPR-Cas9

Our project is a non-expermental project so we do not have a method

Middle part of tri-fold

Q: What is CRISPR-Cas9?

A: CRISPR-CAS9 is a genome editing bacteria that contains two elements.The elements are  guide RNA (Ribonucleic acid), the locator, and Cas9, which is a protein that cuts the DNA found by the RNA. This device allows scientists to quickly edit and change DNA. 

Q:Who founded CRISPR-Cas9?

A:The first people who found this scientific discovery was by two women scientists, Jennifer Doudna, and the French scientist Emmanuelle Carpentier 2005. They started to investigate CRISPR in the University of California, Berkeley, also known as cal. 

Q:What are the steps to CRISPR-Cas9?

A:The steps are split into 3 parts, recognition, cleavage, and replacement. 

Step 1. Recognition. The designed guide RNA directs Cas9 and finds the target DNA of interest in which it is coded to.

Step 2. After recognition, the next step is cleavage. In which Cas9 goes in and cleaves the strands of target DNA that are found by the guide RNA. Cas9 is a type of protein that acts like a pair of scissors that can slice through DNA. Once the job is done, Cas9 and RNA leave the scene.

Step 3. After the bad DNA is removed, a new and healthy DNA strip is put in. This part is needed because if the doctors left it alone the blunt end will try to fix themselves which can lead to mutations in the body. Vollà, we now have a healthy gene that will not cause problems for the body.

  Genetic Engineering is a method through which scientists modify the DNA by replacing, deleting or altering its segments. Plants, animals and microorganisms that have had the DNA changed through genetic engineering are called genetically modified organisms (GMOs). 

Gene Editing is a type of genetic engineering which has seen significant research advancements in recent years. Gene editing method known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology gives scientists the ability to modify the very small segments of the DNA, at the genome level.

       Nobel Prize Discovery. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna received the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering one      of the gene echnology sharpest tools (AKA CRISPR), most often called GENETIC SCISSORS. For the general public this may not be so          cool but people in the   science world know of this groundbreaking new technology that has set the scientific world on fire because it has the      potential to heal cancer and get rid of it, and maybe even stop some diseases from spreading anywhere, or stop them completely!     

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 Gene mutation is a change in one or more genes. A gene mutation can be due to a change in one or more nucleotides of DNA, a change in   many genes, loss of one or more genes, or rearrangement of genes or whole chromosomes. Although not all the mutations have a negative i      impact, some mutations can lead to genetic disorders or illnesses.

In conclusion, CRISPR-Cas9 is an amazing topic. For it has show me and Tara that it has the power to madye cure the diseases that have wounded humatiy for many years. But what happens if something goes of point.

We got our research from 

https://www.broadinstitute.org/what-broad/areas-focus/project-spotlight/questions-and-answers-about-crispr

https://www.yourgenome.org/explore-genomics/

and a book called an introduction to genetics for kids by Jane Zebrack  

We would like to acknowledge two teachers, Mr.Masuch for entering and planing all of this and Mrs.Dragatis for mmaking us reach for our goals.  We would also like to acknowledge our school for entering us in and Eris Walter who wrote the book made 4 You which inspired us to make our topic abour CRISPR. And we would also like to acknowledge all of you for jugding us and allowing us to have a chance.